Food: The ocean is already being terribly over-fished. Moving to a floating platform will not create any new fish. Fish stocks are being depleted at an alarming rate, and the high-quality fish such as cod, are vanishing from the seas.
The seas are largely deserts in terms of productivity. Most photosynthesis occurs in shallow waters where continental runoff fertilizes the water. Ocean waters are systematically depleted of nutrients because these nutrients are absorbed by plankton, which die, and carry the nutrients to the bottom waters where they are unavailable for new growth.
OK, so where is this food coming from?
Energy must also be provided. The most efficient way to convert solar energy into electricity is obviously Sea Solar Power: Use of ocean thermal gradient. See: http://seasolarpower.com
The oceans are rich in only ONE structural metal: Magnesium. Magnesium is a very poor metal for construction use in a marine environment because it is readily corroded by seawater. If you want iron, aluminum, silica, silver, manganese, ..., you need to look elsewhere. OK, now where do you get raw materials?
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