From the observation that "the Speed of Light Is the Same for All Observers Moving Without Acceleration" Einstein deduced that Energy had Mass.
It is equally unobvious that the simple fact that "Falling Bodies Fall at the Same Rates (neglecting friction)" implies that space is curved.
Lyapunov was a great mathematician during the early 20th century. He, along with Mandelbrot, first conceived of complex iterative algorithms. This was later picked up by Lorenz, who was among the first to apply computers to weather problems. It is rather amazing that, with a system as simple as that in the video below, it is possible to grasp the essence of Chaos. The takeaway from Chaos Theory is that they are unstable and utterly unpredictable in detail. It is for this reason that long range climate prediction is impossible.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_theory
Lyapunov's Fractal (that Lyapunov knew nothing about)
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