"About 44% of the population held the Islamic Republic of Iran responsible for starting the war, while 33% blamed Israel for initiating it, and 16% believed that both sides were equally at fault."

The Group for Analyzing and Measuring Attitudes in IRAN

GAMAAN is an independent, non-profit research foundation registered in the Netherlands. We study Iranians’ attitudes towards different social and political topics. GAMAAN's director, Dr. Ammar Maleki, was selected by the World Association of Public Opinion Research (WAPOR) to represent Iran in 2025-2027.

https://gamaan.org/2025/11/05/12-day-war-survey-english/