Following the ceasefire that ended the 12-Day War on June 24, 2025:

Iran's President Masoud Pezeshkian gave a televised address lauding what he called a "great victory". Iranian media claimed that the truce had been imposed on "the enemy" after four waves of attacks on "Israeli-occupied territories", and its National Security Council that it had "shattered the enemy's primary strategic goal"
several violations attributed to Iran occurred, despite the initial hope for lasting peace. The relevant events illustrate ongoing tensions and breaches of the truce.

Yet, shortly after the truce began, on June 23, 2025, Iran targeted the Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar with 14 missiles. This strike was a direct violation of the ceasefire, as it involved military action against U.S. forces, which were not parties in the original conflict. Fortunately, the attack resulted in no casualties.

Although the truce called for a cessation of hostilities, Iran's initial violations occurred within only hours of the ceasefire's announcement, leading to both Iranian and Israeli casualties. Reports confirmed 16 deaths in Iran and 4 in Israel during these early hours.

Throughout 2026, Iran was involved in multiple military operations that further escalated tensions. This included attacks on U.S. bases and engagement in the broader conflict with Israel, which undermined the ceasefire’s intent to stabilize the region.

Iranian officials hinted at potential noncompliance with the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), signaling a disengagement from international norms which could lead to nuclear ambitions contrary to the agreement.

Iran's paramilitary forces and terrorist proxies conducted various operations that included retaliatory strikes and the assassination of high-profile figures, which directly conflicted with commitments made during the truce.

It is widely understood in international relations and military strategy that violations of a truce often lead to the resumption of hostilities.

When one party violates a truce, it undermines the trust needed for any peace agreement. This can prompt the other party to resume military operations in retaliation or self-defense.

Initial violations can trigger a cycle of retaliation. Each side may feel compelled to respond to aggression, potentially escalating the conflict into larger hostilities.

Violations can also be used strategically to gain leverage. One party might hope to gain a tactical advantage or intimidate the opposition, further complicating peace efforts.

Domestic politics often play a role. When a government is seen as weak for not responding to violations, it may feel pressured to act militarily to reinforce its standing among its constituents.

History is replete with instances where breaches of ceasefires have led to renewed fighting. Previous conflicts illustrate how fragile ceasefires can be, often collapsing under the weight of non-compliance.

The understanding that truce violations can lead to resumed warfare is prevalent among military leaders, diplomats, and scholars. This recognition underscores the importance of robust verification mechanisms and mediation efforts to uphold ceasefire agreements effectively.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve-Day_War_ceasefire