"An international team of astronomers has confirmed the most-distant known galaxy, GN-z11s, a hefty 13.4 billion light years away, indicating it was shining just 400 million years or so after the Big Bang..."

"astronomers used deep spectroscopic analysis, discovering an unusual higher-than-expected concentrations of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium, ruling out a first-generation galaxy"

"in first-generation galaxies, massive first-generation stars had not had time to live their lives, go supernova and seed the environment with the heavier elements seen in GN-z11"

"An earlier anomaly was announced in May 2020... the Wolfe Disk – the most distant rotating disk galaxy–observed when the universe was only ten percent of its current age, as early as 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang, challenging the traditional models of galaxy formation. In most galaxy formation hypotheses, galaxies only start to show a well-formed disk around 6 billion years after the Big Bang"

"The observations are described in two papers published in the journal Nature Astronomy"

https://dailygalaxy.com/2020/12/out-there-most-distant-known-galaxy-detected/