Al-Ghazali was virulently anti-scientific and anti-mathematical.

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Al-Ghazali's occasionalism is a theological doctrine asserting that God is the sole true cause of all events, with created things having no inherent power to cause anything; apparent natural laws are merely God's habitual, consistent actions, meaning fire doesn't necessarily burn cotton, but God creates the burning at the moment of contact, preserving divine omnipotence and challenging Aristotelian causality. This view, prominent in Ash'arite Islam, posits that all apparent cause-and-effect relationships are contingent, requiring God's constant direct intervention for every event, contrasting with philosophers who believed in secondary natural causes.
Core Principles

God as Sole Cause: God's omnipotence means He alone creates and sustains reality, directly causing every effect.
Contingent Causality: The connection between what we call "cause" and "effect" (like fire and burning) is not necessary; it's a habit or correlation established by God, not a natural law.
Rejection of Natural Powers: Created entities, including humans and natural phenomena, lack independent efficacy; they are mere "occasions" (hence occasionalism) for God's action.

Example: Fire and Cotton

When fire touches cotton, the cotton burns not because fire inherently has the power to burn, but because God directly wills and creates the burning at that moment. God could choose not to create the burning, illustrating the contingency of natural events.

Context & Purpose

Critique of Philosophers: Al-Ghazali championed occasionalism in his work *Incoherence of the Philosophers*, arguing that attributing real causal power to nature undermines God's absolute power.
Defense of Miracles: It provides a metaphysical framework where miracles (violations of apparent natural laws) are not impossible but simply instances of God choosing a different pattern of action.

Impact

Occasionalism influenced Islamic theology and philosophy, presenting a universe deeply dependent on divine will, though its interpretation regarding science and human free will remains debated.