For a commercial grower, the decisions aren't simple. I have direct experience with only a single sort of crop (pears), and tree orchards in general are outliers. Someone like BornToFarm will likely have far broader expertise than I do.

I own some pear orchards in Southern Oregon. I don't operate them myself (one must know one's limitations...), but I do my best to be informed about what the management firm I use does; I dislike unengaged investors.

Anyhoo, there are both organic/low impact and more conventional pesticides available to deal with the usual threats to pears (codling moths and pear psylla, mostly). Although more expensive,* the organic/low impact options (Neem oil, Kaolin clay, Spinosad bacteria, etc.) work quite well for most infestation problems. Codling moth* invasions can get too intense for the organic options to really stop, though...and the broad-spectrum stuff that can stop that level of invasion is exactly that: broad spectrum. Kills bees, etc. Key to avoiding having to use that sort of stuff is early action with the organics...otherwise you can lose the entire harvest (although not the trees themselves). Not an easy call...


*Codling moth larvae are the "worm in the apple" species.