Political Repression:

Authoritarianism: The Shah's rule was autocratic, with a rubber-stamp parliament and no real political opposition.
SAVAK: The notorious secret police enforced control through censorship, arbitrary arrests, torture, and elimination of dissent.
Suppression: Political parties were abolished, and freedom of speech was heavily restricted.

Growing Dissatisfaction:

Inequality: Despite economic growth, wealth disparities widened, creating resentment among the poor and middle classes.
Corruption: Perceived corruption and the lavish lifestyles of the elite fueled anger.