1. inventories are tighter, so shortages are more easily felt.
2. demand is inelastic compared to gasoline.
3. refinery limitations make it difficult to ramp up supply.

here's a longer form article if you want details on those.
https://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Why-Diesel-Prices-Surge-Faster-Than-Gasoline-in-Every-Energy-Crisis.html