The cause of the US inflation rate of 9% primarily includes:

Supply Chain Disruptions: COVID-19 led to significant disruptions in supply chains, affecting the production of goods and services.

Energy Prices: Rising energy prices, particularly due to supply chain issues and geopolitical events, significantly contributed to inflation.

Labor Market Tightness: The tightening of labor markets, characterized by high job vacancies and low unemployment, increased wage pressures, leading to higher prices for goods and services.

Government Spending Initiatives: The CARES Act and American Rescue Plan, which authorized substantial government spending, created strong consumer and business demand, further tightening labor markets.


These factors combined to create a significant inflationary environment in the U.S. during the early 2020s.